Medical Law Essay Example Essay Example

Clinical Law Essay Example Paper Clinical Law Essay Introduction On the off chance that a lady is amazingly intellectually impeded, English courts have permitted non-consensual disinfections. In any case, the courts have adjusted their angles by perceiving the privilege of a lady to have a kid as a fundamental right. In situations where the non-consensual cleansings have expected the job of a treatment, the courts have permitted non-consensual sanitizations. In any case, through alert and watchfulness the judges have forestalled non-consensual disinfections from getting coercive and effectively restricted the automatic sanitizations. To a degree, the utilization of the English law has relied upon the application the courts as for non-consensual cleansing. The utilization of non-consensual sanitization is utilized if there should arise an occurrence of intellectually incapacitated females. The courts have denied non-consensual sanitization of an intellectually disabled female in situations where she is probably going to have the lawful ability to w ed (Re D [1976] 1 All ER 326). Courts have permitted non-consensual cleansings just in those situations where it has been acknowledged that the female won't legitimately have the option to go into marriage (Jackson. J, 2006),. Clinical Law Essay Body Paragraphs Likewise, on the off chance that the court can utilize its â€Å"parens patriae† controls and approve the non-consensual sanitization of an intellectually incapacitated young lady. This was done in L v. L’s Curator and Litem (1997 SLT 167). The degree to which the legitimate structure has had the option to stop non-coercive cleansing relies upon the choices that have been taken by the English courts. When all is said in done there has been various cases in courts that have come up identifying with learning inabilities where the requirement for non-consensual disinfection have been bantered in the court. In these cases the reason for sanitization has been for contraception. The court has conceded consent for sanitizations sometimes. (C. f. T v. T and another [1988] 1 All ER 613; In re B( A Minor)(Wardship: Sterilization) [1990] 2 AC 1 (HL)). What the court sees is the seriousness of the debilitation and afterward chooses. The disputable issue is that if there is a treatm ent of an intellectually weakened lady, if the court feels that it is to the greatest advantage of the lady to be disinfected then the courts have given their assent. Are these disinfections coercive? This must be determined by analyzing the presumptions made by the court with respect to the interests in child rearing or about the sexuality of the ‘mentally debilitated persons’ If these suppositions are not sponsored by sufficient proof then we would need to reevaluate the choices of the court (Chinkin. C, 2006),. In the event that these notions are sponsored by strong approval, at that point we could reason that non-consensual sanitizations were justified and these disinfections were not coercive. It is significant the non-consensual cleansing ought to be coercive and carefully limit automatic non-consensual disinfections in light of the fact that in any case these will be seen as a picture of state mistreatment. What's more, this makes a feeling that the state is by o ne way or another engaged with the selective breeding and the body politic activities control over the selection of people (The Law Reform Commission 2005). The inquiry that is identified with non-consensual sanitizations is whether there is still any factor identified with genetic counseling when the courts endorse non-consensual disinfections for the slow-witted. The modest number of occasions when the court has allowed non-consensual disinfections invalidates this case. In the UK there are various circumstances where non-consensual cleansings have been denied. For instance in Re B. (a Minor) (Wardship: Sterilization) (1987), [1988] 1 A. C. 199, [1987] 2 All E. R. 206 (H. L. ) [Re B. (H. L. ) refered to A. C. ] the Lordships precluded that social or eugenic reasons can be utilized for non-consensual cleansings. Nonetheless, the appointed authorities permitted wardship purview to legitimize non-consensual cleansings as it included a seventeen-year elderly person who had generous me ntal troubles. For this situation her supervisors felt that pregnancy now would prompt extreme troubles and different types of contraception were precluded. In such extraordinary cases non-consensual sanitizations are permitted by the law (Cook. R, Dickens. B Fathalla. M 2003). It appears that the law has been fruitful in maintaining a strategic distance from coercive cleansings and to restrain automatic non-consensual sanitizations. During decisions it has been set up that non-consensual cleansings could be legitimate just in the event that it was to the greatest advantage of the lady to turn out to be for all time disinfected (Mason, J. K. furthermore, McCall Smith, R. A. , 1994). If there should be an occurrence of minor ladies the law gives wardship locale to the court, with the goal that it can act to the greatest advantage of the ward [1990] 2 A. C. 1 (H. L. ) [Re F. ]. In the use of the law it has been seen that the courts have had the option to restrict automatic non-consens ual disinfections and have gone about as middle people between the people and society. There are two points of view. From one outlook, each individual has the privilege to shield his body from burden, then again pregnancy and birth can influence the body of the individual and that might be against the interests of the individual or the general public. Initially the laws that were encircled for non-consensual sanitizations had been composed for ensuring the interests of the general public; be that as it may, the current utilization of these laws has been basically to secure the interests of the person. At the end of the day, the law has been fruitful in keeping away from coercive disinfections in light of the fact that the law has permitted non-consensual sanitizations essentially to guarantee real respectability of the lady. The one territory where the UK courts have given consent for non-consensual sanitizations is the place the state of mind of the lady is extremely grave. Present ly if the body ought not be barged in, for what reason should the courts permit non-consensual sanitizations? The clarification is that the woman’s body need clinical treatment. The cleansing is described as a sparing the lady. The lady can't guarantee assurance against interruption if the interruption into her body has been seen as kind. The standards of nobility and opportunity don't give this assurance. The affliction lies in the body of the lady whose conceptive capacity isn't leveled out. When this portrayal by the law is set up, at that point dispensing with the danger of pregnancy is a freeing and enabling. In any case, the law has held that guardians or gatekeepers can't offer agree to surgeries for contraception on an intellectually hindered individual. At the end of the day the restorative legitimacy of the medical procedure ought to be set up in court. The general rule that has been followed in UK courts is that physical uprightness has been given more prominent si gnificance than ‘right to be secured against pregnancy’. This has stayed away from coercive sanitizations and breaking point automatic disinfections. What has helped the law dodge coercive disinfections and breaking point automatic cleansings is the acknowledgment of the way that non-consensual sanitizations is an irreversible activity and removes the basic human right of the lady to recreate. The court ought not remove this fundamental human right. In any case, the option to build up a family is reliant upon the court’s assessment of the individual’s capacity to welcome that right. As such the court claims all authority to choose if the individual can understand the option to begin a family. It is to be comprehended that the courts in UK have not attested that non-consensual cleansings are legitimate. Then again the real honesty of the individual and opportunity of the lady is seen to have been upgraded by the cleansings. The vigilance of the court forest alls coercive sanitizations and cutoff points automatic disinfections. The essential premises on which the English law was surrounded identified with the conviction that relating cleaning ladies who were intellectually debilitated was prudent in light of the fact that they were uncouth at child rearing and that the lives of the intellectually handicapped would be improved on the off chance that they didn't have child rearing obligations. To entirety, the English law has had the option to stay away from coercive cleansings and carefully limit automatic however non-coercive disinfections. Where the lady has been discovered equipped for wedding, the courts have not permitted non-consensual disinfections. What's more, the courts have perceived the significance of sacredness of the woman’s body, her opportunity and her entitlement to establish a family. This fair point of view of the courts has guaranteed that coercive cleansings are kept away from and automatic non-consensual san itizations are restricted to the base. References: Chinkin. C, (2006), Health and Human Rights, Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from: http://www. nuffieldtrust. organization. uk/uploadedFiles/Grants/Chinkin_52-59. pdf. Cook. R, Dickens. B Fathalla. M (2003), Reproductive Health and Human Rights: Integrating Medicine, morals, and Law, Oxford University Press. Jackson. J, (2006), Ethics in Medicine, Blackwell Publishing Mason, J. K. what's more, McCall Smith, R. A. , (1994) Law and Medical Ethics, (fourth Ed), London, Butterworths, . The Law Reform Commission (2005) Consultation Paper on Vulnerable Adults a the Law: Capacity, Retrieved on February 22, 2007 from: http://www. lawreform. ie/records/Consultation%20Paper%20on%20Capacity%20_final%20version_. pdf We will compose a custom exposition test on Medical Law Essay Example explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Medical Law Essay Example explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Medical Law Essay Example explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer

Brand Management for Conceptual and Methodological Foundations

Question: Examine about theBrand Management for Conceptual and Methodological Foundations. Answer: Market division Market division is a significant perspective for any creating business as relying upon the determination of the crowd, focusing on the crowd and creation situating is resolved. On the off chance that this photograph, video and music altering application, the market division ought to be appropriately decided as it is another brand and consequently the hazard ought to be limited in the underlying business sector evaluation. As per Wedel and Kamakura (2012), the three fundamental stunts ought to be executed to choose the market division, for example, clients needs, needs and requests. Henceforth, to have the option to do that, division ought to be completed by the socioeconomics, conduct, geographic and psychographic division. While the segment divisions chooses the objective populace relying upon the sex, age, family size, occupation, pay and race and nationality of the client, conduct division utilized youthful, old or develop conduct to choose the sort of market they will target (McD onald and Dunbar 2012). If there should arise an occurrence of INBIZ, the conduct advertise division will be utilized as the prime capacity of the application is sectioned inside one age gathering of the general public that utilizations such versatile application more than some other age gathering. Target Market For any fruitful business, it is essential to choose an objective gathering to which the items will be given as the interest to the item is higher in that portion. Subsequently choice of potential objective gathering for the business decides the objective system of the association and decides the achievement of the item also (Harms and Schiele 2012). Thus for the INBIZ application, the more youthful age, uncommonly the one having enthusiasm for music and expressions will be focused as through this application their energy for good music and great craftsmanship or photography both will be satisfied. Further, choosing a little segment from an enormous pool of crowd will assist them with focusing on one market fragment inside a market blend, deciding the development of the business and the item (AghDaie and Alimardani 2015). This is a significant part of INBIZ, as it will assist with developing the intercommunication aptitude inside the market and the creators of the application will ha ve the option to distinguish the organizations having comparative needs that the INBIZ association would like to serve the clients. Further knowing the objective populace before creation will assist the specialists with deciding the assets as per the need of the application (Harms and Schiele 2012). Serious investigation Investigation of the market rivalry is another part of deciding the market inclinations and target crowd. A point by point appraisal of the market contenders quality shortcoming and the own organizations openings and dangers furnish the business with a chance to build up their showcasing abilities and creation to take an edge against their rivals (Chen 2014). In the event of this INBIZ altering application, the engineers ought to know about the market contenders as here are a few other music and video altering applications are available inside the market having a solid client base (Wedel and Kamakura 2012). Subsequently, utilizing their rivals shortcomings, the INBIZ can develop their client base inside the objective market. References Aghdaie, M.H. furthermore, Alimardani, M., 2015. Target advertise choice dependent on showcase section assessment: a various characteristic dynamic approach.International Journal of Operational Research,24(3), pp.262-278. Chen, K.Y., 2014. Improving significance execution examination: The job of the zone of resistance and contender execution. The instance of Taiwan's natural aquifer hotels.Tourism Management,40, pp.260-272. Damages, R. what's more, Schiele, H., 2012. Precursors and outcomes of effectuation and causation in the universal new pursuit creation process.Journal of worldwide entrepreneurship,10(2), pp.95-116. McDonald, M. what's more, Dunbar, I., 2012.Market division: How to do it and how to benefit from it. John Wiley Sons. McDonald, M. what's more, Dunbar, I., 2012.Market division: How to do it and how to benefit from it, fourth edn, pp. 47-143, John Wiley Sons. Wedel, M. what's more, Kamakura, W.A., 2012.Market division: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8).2nd edn, pp 134-178, Springer Science Business Media.

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Celebrating 100 Cases at Darden

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Celebrating 100 Cases at Darden When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment, but are also committing to becoming part of a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. The celebration of the first-year class’s completion of its first 100 cases at the University of Virginias Darden School of Business Administration, appropriately called the  100-Case Party,  typically takes place in mid-October. Over the two years they spend at Darden, students will study approximately 600 cases, so this party recognizes the first sixth of that. The 100-Case Party is held off campus at a Charlottesville club. Said one alumnus we interviewed, it is “a huge party; people go wild.” Another told mbaMission that the party is significant because “it celebrates a huge milestone.” For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at Darden and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom University of Virginia (Darden)

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) in Everyday Life

GIS According to Canalys there were approximately 41 million GPS units sold in 2008, and in 2009 the number of GPS enabled cell phones in use had exceeded 27 million. Without even thinking, tens of millions of people access directions and look-up local businesses from these hand-held devices every day. Lets tie this back to our big picture here, GIS. The 24 GPS satellites orbiting earth are constantly broadcasting data about their location and exact time. Your GPS device or phone receives and process the signals from three to four of these satellites to figure out where it is located. Points of interest, addresses (lines or points), and aerial or road data is all stored in a database that is accessed by your device. When you submit data, such as posting a geo-Tweet (a location-based Tweet on Twitter), checking in on Foursquare, or rating a restaurant you are adding data to one or more GIS data sources. Popular GIS Applications Traditionally desktop GIS has dominated the GIS mindset. People think of ArcMap, MicroStation, or other enterprise-level GIS applications when they think desktop GIS. But the most prevalent desktop GIS application is free, and quiet powerful. With over 400 million total downloads (according to GeoWeb 2008 keynote speech by Michael Jones) Google Earth is by far the most used GIS application in the world. While many people use Google Earth to look for fun things such as a friends house, crop circles, and other oddities, Google Earth also allows you to add georeferenced images, view parcel data, and find routes. Georeferencing Photos Even before the average computer user was using GIS on a near daily basis, everyone has benefited from it. The government uses GIS to decide voting districts, analyze demographics, and even time street lights. The real power of GIS is that it is more than a map, it is a map that can show us exactly what we want to see. How has GIS become such an integral part of society almost seamlessly? Google, Garmin, and others were not creating products with Hey, the mass public needs GIS in mind, no, they were meeting needs. Humans think geographically. Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How those are the five Ws right? Place is extremely important to people. When studying how human populations have acted over the past millennia it is easy to see how geography dictated culture. Today, place still dictates much of our lives: property values, crime rates, education standards, these can all be classified by place. It is interesting to see when a technology has become so ingrained in a society that people dont consider it when they use it, they just use it; like with cell phones, cars, microwaves, etc. (that list could be very long). Personally, as someone who loves maps and loves computers and works in the GIS field I think it is great that an eight-year-old has the ability to look-up their friends address and sho w their parents exactly where they are going, or for family members to be able to see pictures of those they love where they were taken, and so many more cool things that GIS allows us to do without thinking. Kyle Souza is a GIS professional from Texas. He operates TractBuilder and can be reached at kyle.souzatractbuilder.com.

Analysis Of A Lot Can Be Learned About Rhetoric, And The...

A lot can be learned about rhetoric by looking at these two articles: â€Å"5 Charts That Show Sexism Is Still Alive and Well in Gaming† and â€Å"The Integrity of Women and Gender Studies†. One portrays the gaming community as sexist and underrepresenting women (Kleeman) while the other condemns modern feminism for treating women as victims and â€Å"vilifying† men (Frohlich). The first uses many logical arguments that are used to bring emotion to the reader, and make them feel like certain things are ethically wrong (Kleeman). The second uses a slightly different technique, since it is explicitly an opinion piece (Frohlich). It leads the author to be trusted by the reader, and then presents the author’s opinions that are backed by logical arguments (Frohlich). It also causes the reader to experience emotional and ethical feelings (Frohlich). 5 Charts That Show Sexism Is Still Alive and Well in Gaming This text is published by a media company called Mic. Their target audience is young people and they cover a wide variety of subjects such as News, Arts, and Technology (Mic /about). The author of this article is Sophie Kleeman, who, according to her profile on Mic.com, covers the â€Å"intersection of tech and culture† (Mic /profiles/152573/sophie-kleeman) The first section of the article (first four paragraphs) introduces the topic by providing examples women in gaming being harassed (Kleeman). 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Jainism And Buddhism Concepts Of Karma, Samsara, And One...

Jainism and Buddhism acknowledge extremely similar aspects in their respective religions. They both have a grounded belief of karma, samsara, and one of liberation. Although these basic principle are the same, they have differences within them. In this essay, it will discuss the similarities and differences between the basic beliefs and traditions regarding karma, samsara, recognition of the self, and final liberation in regards to Jain and Buddhist religions. Buddhism and Jainism both believe in the concept of karma as the force responsible for all of the suffering in existence. Both also acknowledge the absoluteness of karma and its unavoidable effect on the beings who are subject to the cycle of birth and death. But they differ in the concept of the nature of karma and how it impacts the various beings. According to the beliefs held by Jainism, karma is not only a result of a being’s actions, but a real substance that becomes attached to each jiva, or self, while it takes part in many actions throughout the course of its existence. This karma, which is made up of tiny particles, binds to the being until it is cleansed through the observation of the morals and practices of the Jain religion, including pure conduct and severe austerities. There are two types of karma within Jainism, one that is known as â€Å"harming† karmas and there is â€Å"non-harming† karmas. The karmas can be fully liberated through moksha alone . In Buddhism, as in Hinduism, karma is a consequence of one’sShow MoreRelatedJainas Will Define Samsara As The Exact Same As Buddhists1232 Words   |  5 PagesJainas will define samsara as the exact same as Buddhists, which is â€Å"a cyclic existence† of birth, death, and rebirth. 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Contemporary Issues of Nursing and Clinical Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Issues of Nursing and Clinical Leadership. Answer: Project Description This project report is about clinical project planning in area of specialty. There are various areas of clinical practices and here we have selected a particular area among these clinical practices areas i.e. nursing. In this clinical project planning, we will discuss about contemporary issues related to professional practice of nursing and clinical leadership in this advanced clinical practice of nursing. This project planning is required to lead practice and service development in area of specialty. Aim of Project The aim of this project is to demonstrate thorough and systematic planning of a clinical project in nursing area that will help to understand related issues of a professional practice in it (Campaign for Action, 2017). Literature Review on Clinical Practice in Nursing As we have selected area of nursing to discuss about its professional clinical practices, so here we will focus on literature review of this topic. According to Welsh Assembly Government (2009), both the significance and variety of roles within practice of nursing have increased as primary care services. Therefore, the practice of nursing requires specialist knowledge and skills to be effective practitioners in primary healthcare team. This is necessary to equip with a clear understanding of the evolving practice of nursing. In clinical practice of nursing, the major emphasizing factors are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation of care that is given to individuals, groups and families within the context of practice. With practice of nursing, the evidence based supporting practice is examined along with organization and delivery of social and healthcare in communities. Besides this, clinical practice in nursing critically examines the skills and knowledge that are required to work in partnership with clients, carers and families. The valuation of health promotion models, theory and critical explosion of the role of nurse practicing in health promotion, are also part of clinical practice of nursing. In this way, according to literature review clinical practice in nursing play important role in healthcare but some issues are encountered in this clinical practice that are discussed in next segment (Cardiff University, 2017). Contemporary Issues of Nursing Practices The first noticeable issue in nursing practices is of deficiency of inter-professional collaboration and this issue has occurred when teams do not work effectively. In this way, it is difficult to build a successful culture of health in nation. Another noticeable issue in nursing practices is of lack of advancement in their education and training. To keep people healthy, it is necessary to work as part of high-functioning teams that can help to do advance nursing practices and besides this, high education and training is required as much as possible. Both training and high education have great importance because nursing practice is very complex. Next contemporary issues of nursing practices is regarding culture of health. The goal of culture of health is to keep everyone healthy as much as possible, but it is not implementing effectively in healthcare professionals. Even in nursing practices, this thing does not properly teach and gap in achievement of effective health care is increasing. The improper access to healthcare to nurses has become a big issue for healthcare professionals. Due to Affordable Care Act, more people have health insurance. This thing does not translate to having access to better quality healthcare to patients when and where it is required (UKEssays, 2017). Besides these issues of nursing practices, some important issues of clinical leadership are also found by researchers in field of nursing that are required to discuss in this project report. Issues of Clinical Leadership in Nursing Today in ever-changing healthcare environment, it is difficult to find experienced and well-qualified nursing staff that can lead nurses to provide quality health care for the future (Zydziunaite, 2012). Clinical Leadership is a multifaceted process to identify a goal or target, to motivate people to act and to provide support and motivation to achieve goals. To perform these activities, a leadership must have some managerial skills. But it is not possible that a great leader can be a good manager (hackensackumc.org, 2017). Lack of knowledge about clinical leadership ethics among nursing practitioners. Project Plan In above segment of report we have discussed modern issues of nursing practices that encountered commonly by practitioners and clinical issues of leadership in nursing. These issues must be resolved to perform nursing practices in better way. To resolve these issues of nursing practices, here we will discuss our project plan. In this project plan, the main concerning points are resolution of contemporary issues of nursing practices and clinical leadership. To find solutions for these problems, we have used different information sources such as articles of researches, books and another online resources (Healthleadersmedia.com, 2017). Objectives and Evidence of Achievement The main objectives of this project plan is to aware readers and practitioners that what kind of issues are encountered in nursing practices and how these are putting impacts on overall healthcare industry. Besides this, other objective of this project plan is to highlight leadership problem in clinical practices that is traditional. Through our project plan we are doing potential efforts to achieve these objectives and it can be measured through effectiveness of solutions for above discussed problems. These solutions are based on literature reviews that are considered as best evidence (Gooch, 2017). Project Evaluation Plan In evaluation plan of project, first of all we will discuss about solutions. In case of contemporary issues of nursing practices, following solutions will be beneficial to implement: According to the institute of Medicine, to resolve problem of lack of interpersonal collaboration in nursing, it is necessary that nurses should understand wellness and prevention of building a culture of health. Regardless of individual jobs, they should pledge to maintain prevention and wellness of at the forefront of everything we do. The promotion of healthy eating and walking programs, better healthcare policies can foster (org, 2017). Another problem in nursing practices is deficiency in advancement of nursing training and education. To resolve this problem, it is required to make strict policies by the Affordable Care Act and in this patients healthcare and high knowledge of nursing is required (French, 2004). The healthcare campaigns must be started in which basic needs of patients should be cleared to healthcare professionals and these basic needs are care, safe and cost effective treatment of patients (Bish, Kenny, 2012). The problem of improper access of nurses to health care can be resolved by allowing all nurses to practice top education and training. This is an effective way to resolve this issue and already practiced in some healthcare organizations. It is also necessary to handle legal issues of patients care and safety (com, 2017). According to our evaluation, above listed solutions will be useful to resolve contemporary issues of nursing practices. Next to resolve issues of clinical leadership in nursing, some essential solutions are also found. First of all, some improvements are required in training and education of nursing to develop professionals that can work in ever-changing environment of healthcare. The awareness about new diseases and cures should be in practice of nursing exercises. This action will help to develop versatile leaders that can handle multifaceted process of clinical leadership as leader and as well as a manager. This will be helpful to control complexities of nursing practices. As much as training and education will be advanced, more will help to handle healthcare issues of patients. From above discussion, the effectiveness of solution can be measured because these solutions are general and can be easily implemented by healthcare organizations. During this whole research, it is found t hat in 2020, more effective campaigns will be implemented to qualify and aware nurses about new transformation of healthcare industry. Conclusion In this project plan, we have tried to focus on all essential problems that are related to nursing practices and clinical leadership. Today, due to environment changes, patients are facing different kinds of healthcare problems that are not easy to rectify by conventional nursing practices and technologies. So it will be better to aware nurses by giving knowledge to them about new healthcare techniques and tools that provide better prevention to patients and by making improvements in training and education of healthcare. Through this report, we have analyzed common issues of nursing practices and clinical leadership that are not easily identified by consultants. Therefore, it is responsibility of healthcare organizations in every country to take strict actions and make effective policies to resolve healthcare issues. Healthcare of people is important for every country and it also puts influence over economic status of a country. References Campaign for Action. (2017). The Top Five Issues for Nursing in 2015 - Campaign for Action. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from https://campaignforaction.org/top-five-issues-nursing-2015/ Cardiff University. (2017). Cardiff University. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/healthcare-sciences/courses/postgraduate-taught/modules/contemporary-issues-in-practice-nursing-hct114 UKEssays. (2017). The Contemporary Issues In The Professional Practice Nursing Essay. Retrieved 14 March 2017, from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/nursing/the-contemporary-issues-in-the-professional-practice-nursing-essay.php Medical Specialties and Clinical Practice Topics: The New England Journal of Medicine. (2017). 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